How to ensure the motion synchronization between the five axes of a five axis reciprocating machine during high-speed reciprocating motion?

During the high-speed reciprocating motion of a five axis reciprocating machine, ensuring the synchronization of motion between the five axes is crucial and can be achieved through the following aspects:

Accurate mechanical design and manufacturing

High precision components: using high-precision mechanical components such as guide rails, screws, couplings, etc., the manufacturing accuracy of these components directly affects the motion accuracy and synchronization of each axis. For example, high-precision screw rods can accurately convert the rotational motion of motors into linear motion, reducing motion errors.

Rigid structure: Design a machine tool structure with sufficient rigidity to reduce deformation caused by force during high-speed motion. A stable structure can ensure that each axis is not disturbed by external forces during movement, maintaining the accuracy of relative positions.

Advanced motion control system

Digital control technology: using advanced numerical control systems, through accurate digital signal processing and control algorithms, real-time and accurate control of the motion of each axis is achieved. The numerical control system can accurately calculate the motion position and speed instructions of each axis at different times based on the preset motion trajectory and speed.

Synchronous control algorithm: using specialized synchronous control algorithms such as master-slave control algorithm, cross coupling control algorithm, etc. In the master-slave control algorithm, one axis is set as the main axis, and the other axes follow the motion of the main axis for synchronous control; The cross coupling control algorithm compensates for the motion of each axis by monitoring the position error between them in real time to achieve synchronization.

Real time monitoring and feedback mechanism

Sensor monitoring: Install high-precision position and velocity sensors on each axis to monitor the actual motion status of each axis in real time. For example, a grating ruler can accurately measure the displacement of a shaft, and an encoder can provide real-time feedback on the motor's speed and position information.

Feedback and compensation: The actual motion state monitored by the sensor is fed back to the CNC system, which compares the actual value with the command value and adjusts and compensates in real time based on the error. When the motion of a certain axis lags behind or leads other axes, the CNC system will adjust the motion parameters of that axis in a timely manner to keep it synchronized with other axes.

Motor drive and matching

High performance motor: Select motors with good dynamic response characteristics and high torque output to ensure that each axis can quickly and accurately track motion commands. For example, servo motors have the characteristics of high precision, high speed, and high responsiveness, which can meet the requirements of high-speed motion of five axis reciprocating machines.

Motor matching: Based on the load characteristics and motion requirements of each axis, the power, torque, and speed parameters of the motor are reasonably matched to ensure that each axis has similar power performance during motion, avoiding asynchronous motion caused by differences in motor performance.